DNS (Domain Name System) records map domain names to the servers and services that power them. Here are the most common record types:
AMaps a domain to an IPv4 address
AAAAMaps a domain to an IPv6 address
CNAMEAlias pointing to another domain
NSAuthoritative nameservers for the domain
MXMail servers and priority for the domain
SOAZone administrative information
TXTArbitrary text data for verification & policies
SPFAuthorized mail servers (in TXT records)
DKIMEmail signing public keys for authenticity
DMARCEmail authentication & reporting policy
CAAAuthorized certificate authorities for SSL/TLS
PTRReverse DNS — maps IP back to a domain